16第16章

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Title:TheFunctionalExpansionofChina'sConsumerProtectionLawintheEraofScenarioConsumption





Author:ShiChunfeng





Institution:ChinaLawSociety





Abstract:





Scenarioconsumptionreconstructsthetraditionallegalrelationshipsofconsumption,leadingtoa"structuralfailure"inconsumerprotection.Thisdisruptioncompelsthetransformationofconsumerprotectionfrom"tiltedpro-consumerregulation"to"capacityenhancement."





MainContent:





Intheeraofscenarioconsumption,therelianceonalgorithmicdecision-makingbymarketentitieshasgivenrisetoanew"blackbox."Theasymmetryofinformationandpowerbetweenconsumersandoperatorshasbeenfurtherexacerbated,resultinginastructuralimbalanceandaseveredisconnectbetweentheprotectivemechanismsofexistinglawandtherealityofconsumerrightsprotection.Consequently,thetraditionalregulatorymodelofconsumerprotectionlaw?whichprimarilyreliesontiltingthelawinfavorofconsumersex-antethroughstandard-formcontractregulation,etc.andprovidingremediesex-post?isfacingsignificantstructuralchallengesincounteringalgorithmicexploitationandprotectingconsumers'rightsandinterests.





First,thetraditionalconsumerprotectionmodelnolongerfullyaccommodatesthetechnologicalcomplexityofthedigitalera.Inthepast,theconsumerprotectionlegalsystemwaslargelycenteredaroundthestatutoryrightstoknow,choose,andfairdealingwithina"brick-and-mortar"consumptionenvironment.Today,however,thetransactionenvironmenthasshiftedfromphysicalstorestodigitalplatforms,andthedecision-makingsubjectshaveshiftedfromconsumersthemselvestoalgorithmicsystems.This"algorithmicblackbox"notonlyrestrictsconsumerchoicesbutalsodeepensinformationasymmetry,makingconsumershighlyvulnerableinanalgorithmicconsumptionenvironment.Morecritically,thetraditionalregulatoryapproachofconsumerprotectionlawisfundamentallyflawedwhenconfrontingalgorithm-drivenexploitation.Forexample,whiletherighttoknowcandemandthatoperatorsdisclosestandardizedcontractterms,itisinsufficienttoaddressthedynamicpricingalgorithmshiddeninthe"blackbox."Similarly,therighttochoosecannoteffectivelycombatalgorithmicinducementsanddiscrimination.





Second,theregulatorylogicofconsumerprotectionlawneedstotransitionfrom"substantivejustice"to"proceduraljustice."Intraditionalregulation,toaddressthepowerimbalancebetweenconsumersandbusinesses,thelawoftenimposesobligationsorspecificdutiesonoperators?suchasrequiringcompliancewithstandardtermsanddisclosinginformation.However,thismodelfailsinthealgorithmicenvironmentbecause,unliketraditionalenterprises,algorithmsdonothaveintrinsiclegalwill,andtheirdecision-makinglogicisopaque.Therefore,acrucialmissinglinkinthecurrentconsumerprotectionsystemistheconsumer'sinabilitytoknoworaccessthealgorithmicdecision-makingprocess.Thismeansthattoprotectconsumerrights,thelawmustmovebeyondsimplyaffirmingconsumerrightsex-postandinsteadfocusonregulatingthesubstantiveoperationofalgorithmsex-ante.Thisrequiresthattheinformationoperatorsmustdiscloseextendtoi